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Our guide to junk e-mail's long and annoying = past

J.S.=20 Kelly (mailto:jskelly@jskelly.com?cc=3D&subject=3DA=20 brief history of spam)
Freelance author
01 Sep 2002

Do you think spam was only just = invented?=20 No, it's been bothering people for years, and you can read all = about it=20 here. This article is a companion story to the developerWorks = article=20 "Stamp = out spam=20 with SpamAssassin."

"I'll = have his=20 spam -- I love it!" -- Monty Python spam skit

The birth of spam: April 12, 1994 does not live in Net.infamy, = but=20 perhaps it should -- for that is the day that spam as we know it = was born.=20 Read all about how the husband-and-wife team of Laurence = Canter and=20 Martha Siegel unleashed the Pandora's Box of Spam on the = Internet in=20 this period article from the New = Scientist.=20

(Note that Brad Templeton cites an example of = spam as=20 early as 1978 and provides strong contradictory evidence to = and=20 arguments against the popular interpretation of the history of the = origins=20 of spam. He also provides the actual text of = that vintage=20 1978 spam message from DEC.)

Another 1990s period summary of = the=20 Canter and Siegel case, this time from K.K.Campbell, gives = more=20 background, including the etymologies of SPAM-the-luncheon meat as = well as=20 SPAM-the-mail-problem -- it even provides a partial transcript of = the=20 famous Monty Python episode from which the latter gets its name! = This=20 early spam originally appeared in Toronto = Computes=20 in October 1994, and was presumably immediately transcribed from = paper to=20 plain text and cross-posted Net-wide by multiple individuals. This = is the=20 way that print articles were most often posted in those days, = usually=20 preceded by a disclaimer to the effect that the material was = "Reprinted=20 without permission."

Canter and Siegel were not the only early spammers; they were = soon=20 (around December 1994) joined by one Michael = Wolff,=20 who spammed Usenet with ads for his book on Internet culture.

Even before the Wolff incident, admins were taking steps to = fight the=20 onslaught of spam. As far as we know, the first one to = automatically=20 cancel (Usenet) spam was the infamous Cancelmoose[tm],=20 whose true identity remains a closely guarded secret. The=20 Cancelmoose's[tm] weapon of choice was the mighty Cancelbot.

The Cancelmoose[tm] retired after being accused by a vocal = minority of=20 censorship. (We say vocal minority because our understanding is = that the=20 majority of users supported the moose -- but in this as in other = details=20 of our story, we would like to be corrected where we are wrong -- = so much=20 of the Internet has been rewritten that it is hard to research = this=20 stuff.)

Others fax-bombed = and=20 otherwise harassed Canter and Siegel and other early spammers; = see the=20 types of = missives=20 that were being exchanged -- including the urgent notice that = "Canter=20 and Siegel... has announced plans to spam the net once again = within=20 days..." and irrefutable proof that Canter and Siegel were = planning to=20 spam the Internet with e-mail ads for oxygenated water...

Aside from cancellation, revenge, and hand-wringing, early = spam-busting=20 efforts included postings in resources like net.abuse and the = RISKS=20 Digest. Here is a historic = RISKS post=20 from Tim Shepard informing readers, just ten days after the = Canter and=20 Siegel "spam heard around the world," of the pair's then-current = new=20 Internet accounts (in typical spammer fashion, the spamming duo = opened new=20 accounts as fast as the Net diehards who were fighting them could = get them=20 kicked off of old ones). Postings like this one could be viewed as = precursors to blacklists (or "remove lists" -- the first of which = debuted=20 around November of 1994). The post just prior to this one in the = RISKS=20 Digest is also interesting: it suggests drowning out Canter and = Siegel's=20 spam with even more = (spoofed)=20 spam. Which brings up an interesting point: if spam is fake ham, = what is=20 fake spam?

Others came up with Procmail filters that they shared with the=20 community. Especially notable among these is Nancy McGough's 1994 = Procmail=20 tutorial in the FILTERING MAIL FAQ. (We provide this link for=20 historical background; the technical information provided there = is, today,=20 obsolete. Read Nancy's updated = Procmail=20 tutorial.)

Still others philosophized ("Will = business change=20 the Net or will the Net change business?") and otherwise = discussed the=20 implications for the future of this new net abuse. Some -- like attorney = Eric=20 Schlachter -- with surprising accuracy, others -- like the=20 Cancelmoose[tm] himself with an amazing lack of same.

Roger Clarke analyzed spam as aberrant = online=20 behavior, and the gentle marketing folk of the time were = horrified at=20 the Canter and Siegel incident. Read what the members of the = Internet=20 Marketing discussion list were talking about in November = 1994.

Of course, we know now how it all turned out. But where will it = lead?=20 As for the future, we can be sure of one thing: eventually, the = spammers=20 will evolve some technique that will foil even the mighty SpamAssassin's=20 capabilities.

Resources

  • Return to the article "Stamp = out spam=20 with SpamAssassin" (developerWorks,=20 September 2002).
  • Read all about spam at spam.abuse.net=20 and at the fine links provided by stop-spam.org= .

  • Edward Gehringer's Computer = Abuse --=20 Spamming page at North Carolina State University is perhaps = the best=20 we've come across.

  • Michael Fraase recently took the time to informally tally = estimates=20 of the economic = toll of=20 spam. Compare and contrast with Spam: A = Look at=20 the numbers -- a 1996 version of such a guestimate.

  • It isn't being updated anymore, but Keith Lynch's A = timeline of=20 spam has great details from the early days.

  • The Net = Abuse=20 Jargon File by Andrew Nellis is also not being maintained, = but is=20 interesting from a historical perspective.

  • The = Cancelmoose=20 lives! And is still fighting spam. But is it the original=20 Cancelmoose[tm], or is it just "Cancelmoose Beyond"?

  • Retired IBMer Paul Graham has a personal interest in spam = and spam=20 filters, and has been = tracking=20 spam news (among other things) since his retirement from IBM = in late=20 2001. All of his summaries are great; particularly notable are = his links=20 to volunteer Net.History archivists who preserve = spam for=20 future generations; and this announcement that a spam = conference=20 is planned for January 2003.
  • Back issues of the RISKS = Digest=20 make for fun reading and prove the axiom that there is nothing = new under=20 the sun. (The last few issues in this April 93 - April 94 = citation cover=20 the period during which C & S fired the first salvo of the = modern=20 spam wars -- but you can move back and forth in time using the = quaint,=20 1993-era "standardized" navigation icons at the top and bottom = of the=20 page. The = RISKS=20 Digest is still published today.

  • Back issues of the Computer = Underground Digest also make for good reading. The Computer=20 Underground Digest is no longer being published.

  • There used to be things called anonymous=20 remailers. Read the = fascinating=20 story of the anonymous remailer, www.penet.fi of = Finland.

  • Check out Hobbes' = Internet=20 Timeline, which covers the growth of the Net from the = creation of=20 ARPA itself in 1957 (as a direct result of the Soviets' launch = of=20 Sputnik) -- to the coining of the term "Surfing the Internet" by = Jean=20 Armour Polly in 1992 -- to 1997, where it (very unfortunately!) = ends.=20 The Canter and Siegel debacle even rates a mention in this = important=20 source work!

About the=20 author
J.S. Kelly is a freelance writer and editor = living=20 in the Los Angeles area. J.S. has been writing = professionally since=20 1992 and using Linux since 1994. You can contact J.S. at jskelly@jskelly.c= om.
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